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v 

CAVES, TENTS, and HOUSES 

THE STORY OF MAN’S HOMES 

IN PICTURE-STRIP 

By 

MARY BOWEN STEPHENSON 

// 

, with drawings by 

KATE REYNOLDS 



THOMAS S. ROCKWELL COMPANY 

CHICAGO, 1931 









Copyright, 1931, by 

THOMAS S. ROCKWELL COMPANY 

CHICAGO 


Printed, in the United States of America 

AUG -3 1931 © Cli 





Caves, Tents, and Houses 



How Savage Men Protect Themselves 


Before men learned to 
build houses, they lived in 
caves when the weather 
was bad or it was cold, and 
slept out-of-doors the rest 
of the time. 


In cold countries where 
there were no caves, men 
soon learned to build 
low huts of stones and 
branches, with a hole in 
the roof to let out smoke. 


A little later men built 
their huts of stakes and 
branches, plastered with 
mud. They were much 
larger and more comfort¬ 
able than the old low ones. 






















from Rain and Cold and Wind 


In some hot countries, even 
today, the savages just 
prop up a mat of leaves on 
posts or tip two mats to¬ 
gether to sleep under, in¬ 
stead of building huts. 


In Africa, for thousands 
of years, savages have built 
low huts of bent sticks, 
with both ends in the 
ground, and covered with 
leaves to keep out rain. 


In the far north, where it 
is very cold most of the 
year, the Eskimos have 
always built their huts of 
blocks of snow. They are 
called igloos. 





















The Movable Tents of People 


During the summer 
months the Eskimos live 
in tents made of animal 
skins fastened to three 
poles, for the warmer 
weather melts snow huts. 


The Blackfeet Indians 
lived in skin tents all the 
year around. They took 
them down and carried 
them with them when they 
moved from place to place. 


The Chippewa Indians 
made their tents of the 
bark of trees, for where 
they lived there were few 
animals whose skins were 
large enough to make tents. 




























Who Wander from Place to Place 


In Arabia, which is a desert, 
the tribes have to move 
about a great deal to get 
water. They make tents, 
like those in the picture, of 
goat's hair cloth. 


In central Asia, where the 
people wander about seek¬ 
ing pasture for their cattle, 
they live in big tents of 
felt, with several rooms in¬ 
side, separated by curtains. 


The Mongol tribes in Asia 
live and travel in great 
carts with covered tops. 
They are much like the 
covered wagons used in 
America a century ago. 





















The First Houses That 


In warm countries where 
there are many trees, men 
often built houses in them 
which they reached by 
ladders. Here they were 
safe from men and beasts. 


Thousands of years ago, 
men in Europe built square 
log houses on platforms 
laid on piles driven in the 
lakes. It was much easier 
to defend these villages. 


In Ireland they made 
islands of brushwood and 
tree trunks in their lakes 
and built their villages of 
round huts on them. They 
reached them in boats. 























Men Built of Wood 


The savage tribes of Bor¬ 
neo, even today, build their 
villages on platforms laid 
on piles along the edges of 
rivers. They can be de¬ 
fended easily this way. 


The Salish Indians of 
northwest America build 
very large houses, several 
hundred feet long, of red 
cedar. Many families live 
in the rooms inside. 


The Menominee Indians, 
who lived in Wisconsin, 
did not wander about like 
many other tribes. Instead 
of tents, they built houses 
of the bark of trees. 




















The First Houses 


Men who lived in caves 
soon discovered that they 
could make them larger 
and more comfortable by 
building a wall of stone 
->nd wood in front of them, 


In countries where there 
were mountains and much 
stone, men began to build 
square houses of it against 
the sides of hills. They 
often had wooden roofs. 


In the hot countries around 
the Mediterranean Sea, 
men soon learned to make 
sun-dried brick. They 
built oval houses of it, with 
two rooms inside them. 
























of Stone and Brick 


Square houses with only 
one room and a sort of 
chimney were built in near¬ 
by countries, where they 
had learned to make brick 
at about the same time. 


In the dry desert country 
of southwestern America, 
for many centuries the 
Pueblo Indians have been 
building houses of sun- 
dried brick called adobe. 


Some Indian tribes in Ari¬ 
zona and New Mexico 
built sun-dried brick 
houses on ledges along the 
walls of cliffs, where it was 
hard to attack them. 
































The Houses of Ancient 


The Egyptians had learned 
to build real houses. They 
had two stories and a flat 
roof on which the family 
sat on hot days. They were 
made of sun-dried brick. 


In Assyria, which was a 
hot country, too, the first 
houses were square with 
a round top like a hat on 
them. They were of very 
thick brick. 


A little later, the Assyrians 
built great palaces of brick 
in the country. They were 
square and had arched 
doorways and many long, 
low windows. 




































Egypt and Assyria 


In the towns, the Assyri¬ 
ans’ houses had very thick 
walls of brick, to keep out 
the heat as much as pos¬ 
sible. They had flat roofs 
and an open courtyard. 


The great king of the Baby¬ 
lonians,* Nebuchadnezzar, 
built this large palace. It 
had gardens on the flat 
roofs, which were called 
the Hanging Gardens. 


The Bible tells of the great 
palace King Solomon built. 
It was of cedar wood in¬ 
stead of brick and had long 
rows of wooden columns 
around it. 








































The Houses of Ancient 


Before the days of the 
Greeks, the king of the 
island of Crete built this 
palace which had many 
rooms around a court. It 
was several stories high. 


The people of Crete lived 
in square brick houses. 
They were two or three 
stories high, with flat roofs, 
and had many windows, 
for Crete is warm. 


The rich people of Athens, 
in Greece, lived in houses 
like this one. They had a 
court and garden in the 
center where the family 
spent most of its time. 


















































































Greece and Rome 


The Roman houses had 
two parts. In the front 
was a large room with a 
hole in the center of the 
roof, and in back was a 
court with rooms about it. 


The poor people in Rome 
lived in apartment houses 
much like our own. Many 
families lived in one build¬ 
ing, which had a court in 
the center with a staircase. 


In the country, the great 
Roman nobles had large 
houses with several courts 
in them. There were many 
smaller buildings around 
it where the slaves lived. 

































The Castles of the Lords 


In olden times, English 
lords lived in large, square 
halls of wood, with only a 
few rooms in them. They 
often had many carvings 
on the outside. 


The nobles fought each 
other so much that they 
had to build their houses 
inside a wall of earth and 
logs in order to protect 
them from enemy attacks. 


When the Normans con¬ 
quered England, they built 
large square castles of 
stone, like the Tower of 
London. These castles 
were easy to defend. 





































in the Middle Ages 


Richard the Lion-Hearted, 
a great English king, had 
this enormous castle, with 
many walls, built on top 
of a steep hill, so that he 
could live safely in it. 


Windsor Castle, in which 
the King of England still 
lives, was built hundreds 
of years ago. Within its 
great walls are many large 
buildings. 


A King of Spain built this 
castle during the Middle 
Ages. It was on the top of 
a hill and had a ditch, filled 
with water, around it to 
protect it. 





















How the People Lived 


The serfs who farmed the 
lord's land lived in little 
one-room huts like this 
one, instead of in great 
castles. They had mud 
walls and thatched roofs. 


Rich townspeople lived in 
houses like this in the 
Middle Ages. It was built 
by a merchant in the year 
1200 in Lincoln, England, 
and is still there today. 


When the country became 
more peaceful, French 
farmers lived in houses like 
this one which had the 
barn for the cattle con¬ 
nected with it. 





































During the Middle Ages 


In Switzerland, ever since 
the Middle Ages, farmers 
have built their houses 
with wide roofs, to protect 
them from the heavy 
snows of the winter. 


A rich merchant built this 
house in a French town, 
about 1500. It is very large 
because men had been mak¬ 
ing money since the nobles 
had stopped fighting. 


In Italy, the nobles lived in 
the cities in houses like this, 
instead of in the country, 
as they did in the rest of 
Europe. Some were three 
or four stories high. 












































How Houses Changed 


The nobles of Venice, 
which has canals instead 
of streets, built large houses 
with many beautiful win¬ 
dows and balconies along 
their fronts. 


The rich people of Italy 
often built beautiful pal¬ 
aces outside the towns, 
which copied the Greek 
and Roman buildings. 
They needed no protection. 


King Francis, of France, 
built himself this house in 
the country. You can see 
how different it is from the 
castles of a few hundred 
years earlier. 
























































After the Middle Ages 


The English lords left their 
big, gloomy castles for 
houses like this one, which 
was built in 1520. It was 
pleasanter and more com¬ 
fortable than the castle. 


About the same time the 
people in English towns 
began to live in houses like 
this, which is much better 
than the houses of three 
hundred years before. 


In France, the rich nobles 
moved to town and built 
themselves large and costly 
homes. They were very 
beautiful ones and had 
many rooms in them. 















































Houses in the Early Days 


By the time of our Revolu¬ 
tion, the English were liv¬ 
ing in houses like this one. 
It is as large and beautiful 
as the French one, though 
in a different way. 


The men who first came to 
America had to build their 
houses of logs, for at first 
there were no sawmills 
where wood could be cut 
into boards. 


By 1700, the people who 
had come to New England 
were building large, com¬ 
fortable houses of wood. 
Many of them are still 
being used. 







































of Our Own Country 


During the American Rev¬ 
olution, rich New England 
people lived in beautiful 
houses like this one, which 
is still standing in Salem, 
Massachusetts. 


George Washington lived 
in this lovely house which 
he built at Mt .Vernon, Vir¬ 
ginia. Many people had 
homes like it on their great 
plantations. 


After the Revolution, rich 
people began to build 
houses that were copied 
after the French houses. 
This one, called Wood¬ 
lands, is near Philadelphia. 






































Houses of Today 


In Mohammedan coun¬ 
tries, like Morocco, people 
still live in houses built 
around a court, like those 
of the Greeks and Romans, 
but decorated differently. 


Most Japanese houses are 
built of bamboo, a very 
light wood. They are sev¬ 
eral stories high. Instead 
of doors, the walls of the 
rooms slide back and forth. 


The Chinese also build 
their houses of bamboo, 
but they are usually ar¬ 
ranged around a court 
with a garden in it. They 
are like Roman houses. 













































All Over the World 


In this country people in 
the cities often live in 
apartment buildings twen¬ 
ty stories high, built of 
steel and concrete. Many 
families can live in one. 


In the smaller towns of 
America each family has 
its own house and yard. 
Often their houses are 
copies of those that were 
built in other countries. 


Rich people in the large 
cities sometimes have 
houses, too, instead of liv¬ 
ing in apartments. Land 
is so valuable they have no 
yards, however. 












































































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